Limited validity, new exam requirements, longer probationary period for young drivers, penalties applicable abroad and possible medical examinations… The European Union has just adopted a comprehensive driving licence reform that applies to all Member States. Some regulations will be stricter, but French drivers may end up escaping the most restrictive measures.
At the European level, the goal is clear: to improve road safety and get closer to the ambitious goal of zero road deaths by 2050. To achieve this goal, the European institutions consider it necessary to modernise driving licence rules and adapt them to new traffic habits, vehicle technologies and risky behaviour.
Following a provisional agreement reached between the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union in March, the reform was officially adopted on Tuesday 21 October. The text contains a number of amendments which will enter into force approximately twenty days after their publication in the Official Journal of the European Union. The 27 member states will then have up to four years to adapt their national laws and prepare for the practical implementation of these new rules.
In other words, the changes will not be immediate, but will gradually change the issuance and monitoring of driving licences across Europe. However, a closer look at the details of this reform shows that some measures remain relatively flexible: Member States retain some leeway in adapting various provisions.
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The validity period is now limited.
One of the most important changes concerns the validity period of driving licences. Until now, some driver’s licenses – especially the old, pink papers that many French people still have – were valid for life. The European reform now provides for a maximum validity period of 15 years for car and motorcycle licenses.
In some countries where driving licences also serve as official identification documents, the validity period could be reduced to up to ten years. In particular, old driving licences must be gradually replaced by a new, European format with an expiry date. According to the European Parliament’s Directorate-General for Communication, member states have a long transitional period to implement this amendment, which could extend until 19 January 2033.
The new period of validity applies from the next driving licence renewal, after five, ten or twenty years, depending on the case. Holders of old driving licences therefore do not have to exchange them immediately. You can continue to use them until the renewal date.
The reform also includes special regulations for drivers over 65 years of age. Member States may shorten the validity period of their driving licences and require more frequent medical examinations or refresher courses. However, this measure is not mandatory: each country is free to implement it.
The reform also includes changes to the procedure for obtaining or renewing a driving licence. MEPs want to introduce medical examinations, including ophthalmological and cardiovascular examinations, to confirm that drivers have the necessary physical fitness for safe driving.
But here, too, the Member States retain a certain amount of leeway. They may decide to replace this medical examination with a self-assessment system or other nationally determined assessment methods. In practice, therefore, the medical examination will not be systematically mandatory in Europe.
The driving test itself is expected to be more demanding. In the future, the candidates will be assessed on the basis of new aspects related to the development of modern driving techniques. Additional questions and exercises include topics such as blind spot hazards, the use of driver assistance systems, how to safely open car doors to avoid collisions with cyclists, and the risks of distraction from cell phone use.
European authorities also want to raise awareness among the most vulnerable road users. Training programmes must focus more on the risks for pedestrians, children, cyclists and users of scooters and other means of transport.
Sanctions also apply abroad
Another important aspect of the reform concerns crimes committed abroad. Until now, some drivers have been able to avoid punishment by committing a crime in another European country.
Member States must now improve the exchange of information in order to combat this form of impunity. If a driver commits a serious crime in another EU country, this can be automatically reported to the authorities that issued his driving licence.
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National authorities must quickly exchange decisions on the most severe sanctions, such as driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs, involvement in a fatal accident or very serious speeding offences – for example, exceeding the speed limit by more than 50 km/h.
Extended probationary period for young people
The reform also brings significant changes for young drivers. A probationary period of at least two years will become the norm for all novice drivers. During this time, traffic violations, especially driving under the influence of alcohol or without wearing a seat belt, will be punished more severely.
The new regulations also allow 17-year-olds to obtain a driving licence, but until they reach the age of majority, they will only be allowed to drive under the supervision of an experienced adult as part of their driving training.
Finally, the reform also opens up more opportunities in the professional transport sector. Young adults aged 18 and over can now take the test for the class C truck driving licence, while the bus driving licence test (class D) is possible from the age of 21, provided that a corresponding professional qualification certificate is available.
Ultimately, this European reform aims to gradually harmonise driving licence regulations in the European Union. Although some measures will continue to vary from country to country, drivers will have to adapt to a more modern system with a stronger focus on road safety in the coming years.
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